The connection between the Knights Templar and Freemasonry in Scotland has long fascinated historians and enthusiasts alike. Many early Masonic historians drew direct links between the two, creating a narrative that wove Templar history into the very fabric of Freemasonry. However, it's important to approach this topic with caution, as much of what was once considered historical fact may actually be more legend than truth.
Templars and Freemasonry in Scotland – A Romantic Legend
The idea that the Knights Templar, after returning from the Crusades and surviving the suppression of their order, became intertwined with Scottish Freemasonry is one of the most intriguing stories in Masonic history. This legend, however, is a mix of historical elements and tradition, making it difficult to separate fact from fiction.
Some respected writers have accepted the connection between 14th-century Scottish Freemasons and the Templars who sought refuge in Scotland from the persecution of the French monarchy. Others dismiss the entire narrative as a myth, unsupported by historical evidence.
As with many historical mysteries, the truth likely lies somewhere in between. While some aspects of the story can be corroborated by historical records, others remain speculative at best.
The Suppression of the Templars
To understand the origins of this legend, it's essential to revisit the history of the Templars' suppression. After the fall of Acre and the end of the last Crusade, the Templars took refuge in Cyprus before eventually returning to their European commanderies, with France being home to the wealthiest and most numerous.
During this time, Philip IV of France, driven by envy and greed, sought to destroy the Templars. Pope Clement V, who owed his papal election to Philip’s influence, played a crucial role in the downfall of the Templars. In 1307, the Templar Grand Master, James de Molay, along with many other knights, was arrested in France. The Templars were subjected to brutal torture and forced confessions, leading to their eventual execution and the order’s dissolution.
Templars in Scotland: Fact or Fiction?
In Scotland, the Templars owned extensive lands and commanderies. When the papal inquisition was held in 1309 at Holyrood to condemn the Templars, most of the knights fled, possibly joining the forces of Robert Bruce, who was defending Scotland against English invasion.
This connection forms the basis of the Bruce Legend, which claims that Templars fought alongside Bruce at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314. Some versions of the legend even suggest that Bruce created the Royal Order of Scotland as a reward for the Templars’ valor. However, these claims are disputed, with some historians, like Oliver and Thory, suggesting that the Royal Order of St. Andrew of the Thistle, allegedly founded by Bruce, was actually established much later in 1440 by James II.
Modern scholars, such as Bro. Lyon, argue that the association between the Templars and the Royal Order of Scotland is a myth, likely fabricated in the 18th century. There is no credible evidence linking the Templars to the Royal Order or to Masonic activities in Scotland.
The D’Aumont Legend
Another legend connects the Templars to Freemasonry through a figure named D’Aumont, who, along with seven others, fled to Scotland disguised as Operative Masons. According to this story, they founded a new order, blending the Templar legacy with Masonic principles, eventually becoming known as Freemasons.
This legend, though widely circulated, also lacks historical evidence and is considered by many to be a romanticized tale rather than a factual account.
Conclusion: A Mythical Connection
While the idea of a direct link between the Templars and Freemasonry in Scotland is captivating, it remains a subject of debate and speculation. The legends surrounding this connection are intriguing but should be approached with a healthy dose of skepticism. As with many historical mysteries, the truth is likely a complex blend of fact, fiction, and wishful thinking.
For those interested in the history of the Templars and Freemasonry, these stories serve as a reminder of the power of legend and the enduring appeal of the mysteries that surround these ancient orders.